Kiev was a brand of photographic equipment, including cameras, manufactured at the Arsenal Factory in Kiev, Ukraine. Older cameras carry a nameplate in Cyrillic; either КИЕВ” (in Russian) or “КИЇВ” (in Ukrainian). More recently manufactured cameras have a nameplate sporting the Latin alphabet instead (KIEV).

The two most well-known Kiev cameras are the Kiev-88 and the Kiev-60. Both are 6 x 6 medium-format cameras.

In 2009/2010, the Arsenal factory closed and the manufacturing of Kiev products ceased.

An affordable medium-format camera

For many aspiring photographers, Kiev made it possible to enter the medium-format camera world on a budget. This affordability extends to the Arsenal-made lenses for Kiev cameras; lenses that despite their low-cost were known to be of high-quality optic wise. (Many of them were based on Zeiss designs.)

In the 1990s, it was possible to achieve a Kiev medium-format camera setup (including Soviet or Ukrainian lenses) for roughly 10% of what it would have cost to put together a similar Hasselblad setup. By the mid-2000s, more reliable brands such as Pentax, Bronica and Mamiya managed to get their prices down to levels where they could compete with Kiev in the low-cost medium-format camera segment.

Until the mid-200s, the comparatively low price of the Kiev cameras made them sought after despite their well-known quirks and the notoriously fluctuating quality control at the Arsenal factory. Many photographers ended up with cameras with cosmetical inconsistencies but loved them just the same. Others got cameras with functional problems that had to be fixed or just accepted.

To put consumers at ease, some third-party distributors began to offer quality-controlled Kiev cameras and other equipment. Third-party distributors also sold Kiev cameras that they had modified in various ways to fix problems or add new features.

The Salyut, Kiev 80 & Kiev 88

Originally named Salyut, this camera was so strongly inspired by the Hasselblad 1600 F that some consider it a (inferior) clone, and it is jokingly known as the “Hasselbladski”. Very early Salyuts have a self-timer mechanism below the film advance knob, a feature not found on the Hasselblad 1600 F, but this alteration was soon scrapped.

• Mass production of Salyut commenced in 1957.
• The Salyut C camera model has an automatic aperture mechanism.
• Kiev 80 was launched after Salyut C.
• For the Kiev 88 model, a hot shoe was added for electronic flashes.
• For some export markets, the name Zenith was used instead of Kiev.

Kiev 60

In many ways, Kiev 60 is similar to an englarged 35 mm SLR. Kiev 60 is losely based on the Pentacon Six, a single-lens reflex (SLR) medium format camera system made by East German manufacturer Pentacon from 1966. Among other things, Kiev 60 has the same breech-lock lense mount as the Pentacon Six.

Compared to the Pentacon Six, the Kiev 60 has a simpler frame-advancement mechanism. It is not unsual for it to be poorly adjusted, which results in incorrect frame spacing.

Kiev 60 has no removable film back, which reduces the risk of light leaks (a known problem with the Kiev 88).

Both waist level finder and metered prism finder are available for Kiev 60.

Kiev 6C vs Kiev 60

The Kiev 6C had a left-handed shutter release button and accepted both 220 and 120 film. When re-launched as the Kiev 60, the camera had been fitted with a more conventional right-handed shutter release button and only accepted 120 film.

Kiev 35 mm cameras

The Arsenal-factory made several Kiev 35 mm film rangefinder cameras, which were attempts to clone pre-war Contax II and Contax III cameras. Production also included a range of 35 mm SLR Kiev cameras.

Two examples of common third-party modifications of Kiev cameras

MLU

The addition of a mirror lock-up feature is fairly common amodification for Salyut-C, Kiev-88 and Kiev-60. Without this modification, blurriness can be caused by the mirror hitting the top of the mirror box just before the shutter opens. The risk of noticable blurring is especially hig when the photographed object is greatly magnified.

Kiev 645

A camera called Kiev 645 or similar is usually a Kiev-60 that´s been altered to shoot with a 6 x 4.5 frame size instead of 6 x 6. This yields more pictures per roll of film. Since the film feeds sideways, the rectangular photos will be portrait-style, not landscape-style.

Two exampels of known problems and quirks

• With some of the original Kiev 88 cameras, it is important to only change the shutter speed after cocking the shutter. If you don´t cock the shutter first, you will cause injury to the timing mechanism.

  This is not an issue with the Kiev 88CM cameras.

• Some Kiev cameras will function better if the speed dial is turned clock-wise only, never anti-clock-wise. This is more likely to be an issue with cameras where the third-party company Hartbei has added a mirror lock-up (MLU) feature.