Today´s Alpa is a brand owned by the Swiss camera company Capaul & Weber, who use it for a range of sleek and minimalistic medium-format cameras with lenses from Zeiss, Rodenstock and Schneider.

The world-famous Alpa of the 20th century was also Swiss, but an offshoot of the Pignons company and with high-qaulity all-metal 35 mmcameras as their speciality. Alpa served the same market segment as Leica, Contax and Rolleiflex, but produced much smaller volumes. (An estimated <40,000 Alpa cameras in total.)

The golden age of the (Pignons) Alpa lasted from the 1940s through the 1960s, but in the 1970s the company failed to keep up with technological advances. Instead of being a trailblazer, Alpa began to fall behind the more mainstream camera companies in the field of technology. Unsurprisingly, this had a negative impact on sales. Why Alpa dropped the ball in the 1970s is still a bit of a mystery. Did they lack the financial resources to keep up, or was there a reluctance to embrace new techology? (Pignons) Alpa stayed afloat throughout the 1980s despite though competition, but ceased operations in 1990 after suffering from serious problems within the company.

In 1996, the Alpa brand was acquired by Capaul & Weber who has continued Alpa´s tradition of high-qaulity cameras but make medium-format cameras instead of the classic 35 mm format.

The (Pignon) Alpa 35 mm camer

as that have survived into the 21st century are highy sought after by Alpa devotees and are known to fetch high prices at auctions.

History of (Pignon) Alpa

Background

Alpa has its roots in Pignons S.A., a company chiefly known for making pinions for several Swiss watch manufacturers.

In the late 1930s, the Jewish engineer Jacques Bolsey (born Yakov Bogopolsky in Kiev in 1895) designed a camera for Pignon, and this was the start of what would eventually be known as the Alpa-Reflex 35 mm single-lens camera line.

High quality – high prices

Right from the start, each Alpa camera was crafted by hand using a time-consuming and labour-intensive process that ensured supreme quality but also resulted in a big price tag. The cameras were made from carefully selected materials, and Alpa was one of the first camera makers to offer cameras with innovative solutions such as bayonet lens mount, through-the-lens metering, cells in prism housings, and the quick-return mirror.

Many variants were produced by special order to suit the requirements of the individual buyer.

Lenses

Alpa did not manufactorer lenses. Instead, they got them from highly renowned lense makers such as Kern, Scheider, Kinoptik, and Angenieux. Unlike other camera manufactorers of the time, Alpa guaranteed the optical quality of the lenses, which added additional security for the consumers.

It was possible to use an adaptor to mount Alpa lenses to C-mount movie cameras or to the body of a microscope.

The famous 50 mm Kern Macro Switar

The 50 mm Kern Macro Switar lense offered by Alpa is still regarded as one of the best apochromat lenses.

Mount

Alpa used the same lens mount for all their Swiss-made cameras (Generation I – IV) from 1942 to the end of production; only their Japanese made ones (Generation V) had other mounts.

One of the many design choices that made the Swiss-made Alpas so desirable was the slimness of the back focus. It was the thinnest of any contemporary 35 mm camera, and this made it possible to make adaptors that allowed photographers to use not just Alpa-lenses but also a wide range of lenses designed for other 35 mm cameras.

Examples of available adaptors were the Leicaflex, T-mount, Contax, Nikon (both manual and automatic diaphragm), and M42 (also both manual and auto).

The five generations of Alpa

Pignons produced five generations of Alpa cameras. The first four in Switzerland, and the last one in Japan (by Chinon).

First Generation

• Alpa Standard (a camera without reflex viewing)
• Alpa Reflex (a camera with reflex viewing)
• Alpa Prisma Reflex (a camera with reflex viewing)

All first-generation Alpas came with a coupled rangefinder.

Second Generation

• Alpa Alnea/Reflex model 4
• Alpa Alnea/Reflex model 5
• Alpa Alnea/Reflex model 6
• Alpa Alnea/Reflex model 7
• Alpa Alnea/Reflex model 8

This generation was initially marketed as Alpa Alnea, but Alpa later changed this to the more informative name Alpa Reflex.

Third Generation

• Alpa 6c
• Alpa 9 (9d/9f)

This generation had built-in meters. The Model 6c came with a conventional one, while 9d had a through-the-lens (TTL) built-in meter.

Allegedly, the 9d was the first Alpa that could be had with motor drive and magazine back. A total of six different Alpa models were available with both motor drive and magazine back; two models each for the 9d, the 10d and the 11 series. (10d and 11 both belong to Generation IV.) One model was full-frame and the other one half-frame.

Unlike the more common Nikon magazine backs, the Alpa magazine backs were design to make it possible to insert a whole 100-foot roll of 35 mm film at once, and then allow the photographer to open the takeup-side individually to cut off a portion of the film in a changing bag. This portion could then be processed, while the rest of the film remained in the camera.

Fourth Generation

• Alpa 10d
• Alpa 11 (11e, 11el, 11si, 11z)

Fifth Generation

• Alpa Si 2000
• Alpa Si 3000

In an effort to rescue the company and keep up with increased competition from more mainstream camera manufactorers, Alpa contracted the Japanese manufacturer Chinon and launched a Japanese-made line of Alpas. The Si2000 cameras had M42 screw mount lenses while the Si3000 utilized the Pentax K mount. None of these cameras were compatible with the premium Alpa lenses, to the dismay of many long-time Alpa affecionados.

The fifth generation was based on existing Chinon models rather than the Alpa tradition, and failed to reach any commercial success. Today, they are shunned by many Alpa collectors.